Abstract: Taking the steel tube bright annealing furnace as the research object, a mathematical model concerning steel tube heating and cooling process is set up. Accordingly the methods like theoretical analysis and numerical simulation are used to study and analyze the heat-transfer mechanism between steel tube heating, cooling process and the furnace hearth. Then the model control system for steel tube bright annealing furnace is developed. Furthermore, the said model is verified with inspection and testing data as got from the workshop. The verification result shows that the said model has high accuracy, and the on-line control system is running stably, which satisfies the requirements for the actual production, and brings about good control effectiveness. Application of the above mentioned math model shall improve the heating quality, and shortening the heating time of the steel tube bright annealing furnace, and increase the steel tube output.